贵州省主要经济鱼类种类及开发应用前景

Major Commercial Fishes Species and the Development and Application Prospect

对贵州省主要经济鱼类种类和资源量进行调查,基本掌握了贵州省主要经济鱼类有34种。其中,鲤科鱼类22种,占64.7%;鲿科鱼类5种,占14.7%;鲶科、鮨科及鳢科鱼类各2种,各占5.9%;长臀鮠科鱼类1种,占2.9%。主要分布于乌江、赤水河、沅江、北盘江、红水河、柳江等水系。主要土著名特优经济鱼类资源年产量1 977 t。目前,国内对翘嘴鲌、鲤、鲫、大口鲇、鲇、黄颡鱼、瓦氏黄颡鱼、长吻鮠、斑鳜、乌鳢和月鳢11种鱼类的研究已较成熟;对中华倒刺鲃、白甲鱼、瓣结鱼、华鲮、唇鲮、昆明裂腹鱼、四川裂腹鱼、岩原鲤、鲤、鲫、斑鳠、长臀鮠和大鳍鳠13种鱼类开展了养殖和繁殖研究,并取得了一些突破;适宜进行开发的鱼类有中华倒刺鲃、白甲鱼、华鲮、昆明裂腹鱼、四川裂腹鱼、岩原鲤、斑鳠、长臀鮠和长吻鮠等。

Investigation was undertaken to study the species and resources of major commercial fishes in Guizhou. Results showed that there were 34 species of commercial fishes, among them, 22 species belong to Cyprinidae, account for 64.7%, 5 species belong to Bagridae, take 14.7%, 2 species belong to Siluridae, Serranidae, and Channidae, and take 5.9 %, respectively. Most of the distribution areas are Wu River, Chishui River, Yuan River, Beipan River, Hongshui River, and Liu River. The yield of indigenous specific and high quality commercial fish was 1977 ton annually. Presently, the domestic study about the 11 species of fishes namely Culter alburnus, carp, Crucian carp, Silurus meridionalis, mudfish, Pseudobagrus f ulvidraco , Pelteobagrus f ulvidraco , Leiocassis longirostris , Channa argus, and C. asiatica were developed. Researches on culture and propagation were carried out and some progresses were achieved for 13 species named Spinibarbus sinensis, Varicorhinus simus, Tor brevifilis, Sinilabeo rendahli , Semilabeo notabilis, Schizothorax grahami , S. kozlovi, Procypris rabaudi , carp, Carassius carassius , Mystus guttatus , Cranoglanis bouderius , and Mystus macropterus. Among them, some species such as S. sinensis, V. simus, S. grahami, S. kozlovi, P. rabaudi, M. guttatus, C. bouderius, and L. longirostris are suitable for development and utilization in Guizhou.