英美信托财产所有权归属设计研究

Research on the Design of Trust Ownership In England and America

英美两国的信托财产所有权是建立在普通法与衡平法并行的双重法律体系之上的一种独特设计。在这种归属设计中:受托人是普通法上的完全所有人,不负有任何普通法上的义务,受益人也没有任何普通法上的权利;但在衡平法上,受托人对受益人负有义务,受益人对受托人享有衡平法上的请求权,在受托人滥用普通法上的所有权侵害到受益人的利益时,受益人可以向法院行使其衡平法上的请求权,要求受托人履行衡平法上的义务。

In England and America, the trust ownership is designed upon the parallel of law and equity that constitutes the dual legal system of Anglo-America taw. In the internal structure of trust ownership, the trustee who assumes no common law duty is the absolute owner of trust property at law, while the beneficiary has no right to trust property at law; but in equity, the trustee undertakes an equitable obligation conceming trust property to the beneficiary who correspondingly has an equitable claim towards the trustee. When the trustee abuses his trust ownership, the beneficiary could require the trustee to perform his equitable obligation.