玉米衍生自交系的遗传相似性及相关概念

Genetic Similarity and Related Concept Among Derivative Lines in Maize

生物技术的发展推动玉米育种技术进步,同时为新品种保护提供了新的技术手段。采用DNA分子标记技术可以建立玉米品种DNA分子指纹图谱,育种家可以采用这项技术鉴定自交系的遗传特征,监测和保护其品种权免受侵犯。制定基于SSR技术的玉米品种分子测试技术指南是可行的,但仅凭借目前的SSR分子标记技术进行新品种DUS测试存在严重缺陷。从杂交种分离二环系是当前我国玉米育种者选育自交系的途径之一,确定适宜的衍生品系遗传相似性的临界值直接关系到玉米品种权的保护。发展中国家已经在生物技术发展的竞争中处于劣势,现阶段植物新品种保护DUS测试不能以谱带分析为标准,仍然以形态特征描述为主要依据,分子指纹图谱技术可以作为辅助证据。

The development of biotechnology promotes maize breeding and simultaneously provided new technologies and tools for protecting the breeder＇ s rights. Based on the DNA markers, breeders may identify their varieties＇ DNA fingerprinting, which characterize the genetic features of inbred lines, and protect the breeder＇s rights from impinging. Establishing the molecule test guide for maize varieties based on the SSR technology is feasible, but the DUS test for new variety using the present SSR technology is unreliable. Recycling new lines from the commercial hybrids is one of the important approaches for maize breeders currently. The suitable threshold of the derived lines is related to the breeder＇s right protection. The developing countries are already in the inferiority in the biological technology development competition. It was suggested that the band analysis is unsuitable as a standard in the DUS test for plant new variety. Plant architectures are still reliable characteristics for DUS test, the molecular fingerprinting technology can be used as an auxiliary evidences.