不同覆膜方式下超高产春玉米花粒期叶片衰老特性研究

Study on Leaf Senescence of Super-high Yield Spring Maize During Flowering and Heading Period on Different Film-covering Modes

以内单314为试验材料,在行间覆膜(SPF)、行上覆膜(UPF)及不覆膜(NPF)3种处理下,对超高产春玉米花粒期不同层位叶片的保护酶活性、光合特性及产量进行研究。结果表明,超高产春玉米花粒期不同层位叶片POD活性表现为下位叶>穗位叶>上位叶;CAT、SOD活性表现为上位叶>穗位叶>下位叶。灌浆期玉米不同层位叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率变化趋势表现为穗位叶>上位叶>下位叶;乳熟期不同层位叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率表现为上位叶>穗位叶>下位叶。表明在玉米花粒期,行间覆膜处理可以提高玉米上位叶及穗位叶的净光合速率、POD活性、CAT活性及SOD活性,减小气孔导度,降低叶片蒸腾速率,延缓叶片衰老,维持花粒期生理功能,保证子粒充分灌浆,提高千粒重,进而提高产量,实现超高产。

This experiment usedr ND314, established covering film between furrows（SPF）, covering film up furrows（UPF） and non-mulching（NPF）, studied systematically protective enzyme activity, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of super-high yield spring maize during flowering and heading period on different horizon leaves. The results showed that super-high yield spring maize during flowering and heading period, POD activity of different horizon leaf was inferior leaf〉spike leaf〉superior leaf, CAT, SOD activity were superior leaf 〉 spike leaf 〉 inferior leaf. In the filling stage, photosynthetic rate, stomatal resistance, transpiration rate were spike lea 〉 superior leaf 〉 inferior leaf. In the milk stage, photosynthetic rate, stomatal resistance, transpiration rate were superior leaf 〉 spike leaf 〉 inferior leaf. The results further indicated that the treatment of covering film between furrows improved the net photosynthetic rate, POD activity, CAT activity and SOD activity of maize superior leaf and spike leaf, decreased its transpiration rate, maintained maize leaves physiological function in anthesis maturity period, prolonged leaves functional period, guaranteeing grain filling, increased yield and realized super-high yield.