玉米灰斑病及抗性研究

The Research Advance on Resistance to Grey Leaf Spot in Maize

玉米灰斑病由尾孢菌引起。尾孢菌在玉米叶粉碳酸钙琼脂培养基上能够产生分生孢子。采用注射法可以进行人工接种,空气湿度大、温度适宜条件下利于病害发生。参考玉米大、小斑病国家调查标准,提出9级标准记载植株灰斑病发病级别。研究表明,以推广种植抗病品种为主,辅助以栽培管理的综合防治措施是防治玉米灰斑病的有效途径。目前,在我国主要玉米种质中,仅有PB类群种质表现为抗灰斑病,四平头、旅大红骨、PA等类群种质多表现为感病。随着玉米灰斑病危害加重,应加强玉米灰斑病抗性基因发掘、种质改良和创新研究。

Grey leaf spot（GLS） caused by Gercospora zeae-maydis is one of the important diseases in maize worldwide. In recent years, GLS occurs more and more severely and becomes the major disease in maize growing area of China. GLS can produce conidia on the medium of maize leaf powder plus CaCO3 agar and can be artificially inoculated by injection method. High humidity and suitable temperature are very conducive for the occurrence of GLS. According to the national evaluation standard of maize exserohilum turcicum and bipolarize maydays, 9 scales is suggested for evaluating GLS severity. Development and cultivation of GLS resistant hybrids is the effective way to control GLS. Currently, PB germplasm is identified to be resistant to GLS, while Sipingtou, Lvdahonggu and PA germplasm are most susceptible. With GLS occurs more widely in China, gene identification and utilization and germplasm improvement for GLS resistance should be strengthened.