不同森林类型林冠对大气降雨量再分配的研究

A STUDY ON THE REDISTRIBUTION OF ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOREST CANOPY

大气降雨通过林冠,一部分被截留在树冠的枝叶和树皮上,叫做林冠截留雨量;一部分通过枝叶滴落和通过林冠间隙直接落下,叫做通过林冠雨量;一部分沿枝干流下地面,叫做树干茎流雨量。后两部分到达地面后,部分被蒸发掉;部分下渗入地被物,渗透到土壤里和地下,形成被植物利用的有效木分和地下径流;部分形成地表径流。确定三部分雨量是直接关系到土壤水量收入和森林地面径流形成的重要问题,对研究森林生态系统水量平衡和物质循环具有实际意义。要确定三部分雨量。

This article is based on forest trials. It shows that rainfall through forest canopy makes up 82.1—86.3％ of rainfall out of forest, interception of canopy and stemflow 11.7—15.0％, 0.5—5.0％ respectively in the northeast mountains and middle land of Guangxi. The rules of three kinds of rainfall in various forest, and its linear equations have been worked out. It provides a simple method for studying rainfall balance, substance circulation and water conservation in different forest ecosystems.