美国道路交通安全现状及研究热点

Road Safety in the United States: State of the Art and the Practice

虽然美国的道路交通机动化水平非常高,但其安全事故各项指标却远优于中国。这主要得益于美国在道路交通安全研究方面起步早、研究层次较高、基础研究项目较多、且理论与应用结合紧密。为了全面了解美国道路交通安全研究现状,结合统计数据分析了美国的道路交通安全形势及变化趋势,归纳提出了道路交通安全研究的框架模型,并在此基础上介绍了美国道路交通安全研究的主要领域与实践成果以及美国主要的科研机构,同时还介绍了美国目前道路交通安全研究中的几个主要热点。

While the level of motorization is much higher in the United States, its roads, as reflected by various statistics, are significantly safer than those in China. Such a difference results from much advanced road safety research and their subsequent implementations of the research results. There are many invaluable experiences in the process of addressing road safety in the United States, which may be useful for China to formulate its own strategies in road safety investment, and research. This paper attempts to present the state of the art and the practice of road safety in the United States. The road safety of U. S. A. is first presented with a series of statistics and trend analyses. The authors then propose a conceptual model for addressing road safety. The paper continues by introducing U.S. Strategic Highway Safety Plan, road safety improvement methodologies, major guidelines and research institutions. Finally, several prominent research topics in road safety from the United States are discussed.