妇女外流与西南民族婚姻习俗的变迁

The Out-going Minority Women and the Changes of the Marriage Customs of the Minority Nationalities in Southwest China

妇女流动是缔结婚姻关系的重要方式,也是构建社会关系网络的基本途径和社会结构运行的基础。在我国西南民族地区,许多民族的通婚范围基本在一个既定空间中进行,由此也使其社会结构的运行相对稳定,从而保证了诸多传统文化的接续。然而,随着国家政策的变化以及外界拉力的作用,20世纪90年代以来,西南民族地区大量的民族妇女流出传统居住区域,向中、东部地区迁移,且多以婚嫁的方式流动。其结果是:一方面流入地民族成分不断增多,另一方面流出地则出现了婚姻拥挤等现象,并导致传统的婚姻家庭及社会关系发生了极大变化。

In many traditional minority societies, the out - going movement of the women is an important means for realizing a marriage, a basic channel for establishing a social network and a foundation for the social operation. In southwest China, for a long time, the marriage targets of many minority nationalities were quite limited, which has led to a relatively stable society and an inheritance of some traditions. However, since the 1990s with the implementation of new state policies and the external influence, quite a few minority women have left their native land and moved to central and east China, mostly through marriage. As a result, the target areas have more ethnic groups than before while the source areas have more kinds of marriages, which have resulted in dramatic changes in the aspects of marriage, family and social relations in these areas.