关于1933～1935年的美苏债务谈判

The 1933-1935 Debt Negotiation between USA and Soviet Union

"债务"原本是美国拒不承认苏联的借口。1933年美国总统罗斯福同苏联外长李维诺夫举行建交谈判就债务问题达成一个《君子协定》:美国给苏联"一笔贷款",苏联给贷款一个除正常利息外的"附加利息",以此作为对债务的偿还;建交后美国撕毁了它,举行的债务谈判破裂,两国关系恶化。重新审视历史发现谈判是美国蓄意破坏的,扔开《君子协定》重新提出明知苏联无法接受的条件使谈判破裂,并借此显示同苏联关系的恶化。为同苏联建交罗斯福从全球战略出发捡起了苏联这张牌,又从策略上考虑压下手中的苏联牌,债务问题正被当作藏起牌的手段。这策略是在建交时就制订了的。澄清债务谈判的历史提供了一个走出罗斯福"外交迷宫"的线团。

＂Debt＂ was originally an excuse for UAS not to recognize Soviet Union. In 1933, the US president Roosevelt held a negotiation with the minister of foreign affairs of Soviet Union for establishing the diplomatic relations and signed a ＂Gentleman＇s Agreement＂ on the debts in which USA agreed to give Soviet Union a loan and Soviet Union would pay the regular interests plus an extra - interest as the payment for the loan. After the establishment of their diplomatic relations, UAS did not abide by the agreement and the debt negotiation fell through, which led to their worsening relations. A review of this negotiation can reveal that UAS made the negotiation a failure on purpose because it did not follow the ＂Gentleman＇s Agreement＂ in order to show their worsening relations. From the strategic perspective, Roosevelt played the card of Soviet Union by changing his policies on purpose, which can shed light on our understanding of Roosevelt＇ s ＂diplomatic maze＂.