胎儿生长受限儿童学龄期的智力水平和智力结构分析

Intelligence level and structure in school age children with fetal growth restriction

目的探讨胎儿生长受限(FGR)儿童学龄期的智力水平和智力结构状况。方法采用韦氏儿童智力量表对54名FGR的学龄期儿童和84名出生体重正常儿童进行智商测定,并对其智力结构进行分析。结果FGR组的总智商(FIQ)、言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ)分别为105.9±10.3、112.4±11.2、97.1±10.6,且均在正常范围,但PIQ显著低于对照组(104.8±10.5;P<0.001);操作分量表中的图片排列和编码的分测验分数亦显著低于对照组(P<0.01),儿童智力三维因子中的知觉组织因子和记忆/注意因子分别为99.8±11.1和116.3±14.4,均落后于对照组(分别为104.6±11.5和113.4±14.5;P<0.05)。结论FGR儿童的总体智力水平正常,但智力结构不平衡,可能存在与操作能力相关的大脑右半球功能障碍,因此对这部分儿童应在幼儿期及早进行操作能力方面的训练。

Objective To study the intelligence level and structure in school age children with fetal growth restriction （FGR）.Methods The intelligence levels were tested by the Wechsler Children Scales of Intelligence （C-WISC） in 54 children with FGR and in 84 normal children.Results The full intelligence quotient （FIQ）,verbal IQ （VIQ） and performance IQ （PIQ） in the FGR group were 105.9±10.3,112.4±11.2 and 97.1±10.6 respectively,and they all were in a normal range. But the PIQ was significantly lower than that in the control group （104.8±10.5;P〈0.001）,and the picture arrangement and the decipher subtest scores were significantly lower than those in the control group （P〈0.01）. The scores of perception/organization and memory/attention factors in the FGR group were 99.8±11.1 and 116.3±14.4,respectively,which were inferior to those in the control group （104.6±11.5 and 113.4±14.5 respectively;P〈0.05）.Conclusions The total intelligence level of children with FGR is normal,but there are imbalances in the intelligence structure and dysfunctions in performance ability related to right cerebral hemisphere. Performance trainings should be done from the infancy in children with FGR.