一个基于DEM的半分布式水文模型

A semi-distributed hydrological model based on DEM

以自然分水线划分子流域,利用克利金插值法由雨量站雨量插值各子流域中心点的雨量代替面雨量.模型中分别利用初损后损法、分布式单位线和指数消退模型计算产流、直接径流过程和基流过程.为了考虑洪水特性对河道汇流模型参数的影响,采用动态参数马斯京根模型演算各段河道洪水.在河南省干江河流域的应用结果表明:29场洪水中,洪峰流量相对误差小于20%的为93%,洪量相对误差小于20%的为97%,峰现时间误差小于2 h的为100%,确定性系数大于0.7的为90%.

The basin was divided into a set of sub-basins by divides. Kriging interpolation method was used to estimate the precipitation depth at the centroid of each sub-basin which being thought to equal to the mean areal precipitation depth. The initial and constant-rate method, a spatially distributed unit hydrograph method and an exponential recession model were used to estimate runoff volumes, direct runoff hydrograph and baseflow hydrograph respectively. In order to take account of the influence of flood on Muskingum parameters, the dynamic parameter Muskingum model was used to route channel flow in each reach. The application results of Ganjiang River basin in Henan province show that, in 29 floods, the number of floods with relative error of peak less than 20% is 93%; with relative error of runoff amount less than 20% is 97% ; with error of time-to-peak less than 2 h is 100% ; and that with effective coefficient greater than 0.7 is 90 %.