生态人类学的田野调查与资料分析

Field Works and Data Analysis of Ecological Anthropology

生态人类学是文化人类学的一个重要组成部分。生态人类学立足于民族文化对人类生态行为及其后果进行分析,在分析时必然受到时间、空间制约及其他多种因素的干扰。人为的生态行为直接影响到自然资源的可持续发展与有效利用。因此,开展生态人类学的田野调查不仅十分重要,而且非常必要。为此,本文立足于人类生态行为在田野调查中的实际与运用这一原则拟定了生态人类学的调查框架,并在文中对此调查框架的调查操作要求进行了说明,为今后此项工作的开展提供了参考依据。但由于生态人类学为生态学与人类学的交叉学科,为使田野调查资料为不同学科所公认与互用,本文提出田野调查资料的"终端验证法",使田野资料能够在生物性适应和社会性适应的框架内加以分析。

As an important section of the cultural anthropology, the ecological anthropology analyzes human behaviors and consequences on the basis of the national culture, which must be conditioned on time. space and several other factors. Human behaviors will directly affect the sustainable development and efficient utility of natural resources. Therefore. the paper is established in the practical use in field works to formulate the investigation framework of the ecological anthropology and illustrate the operations in the text to provide reference in the future work However. as the ecological anthropology is an inter- discipline, the paper puts forward ＂the terminal empirical method＂ of field work data so that the data can be accepted and interopcrated by different disciplines and analyzed in the framework of ecological adaptation and social adaptation.