应用遗传毒性测试评价不同饮用水处理工艺出水的安全性

Safety assessment of effluents from different drinking water treatment process by genotoxicity test

应用微核试验和彗星试验对长江原水、常规工艺(混凝+沉淀+砂滤池)出水、强化常规工艺(混凝+沉淀+生物强化活性滤池)出水和生物活性炭工艺(混凝+沉淀+砂滤+生物活性炭滤池)出水进行遗传毒性分析.试验结果表明:当水样浓度为0.13～1.00L/皿时,长江原水、常规工艺出水和强化常规工艺出水可引起人外周血淋巴细胞微核率显著升高,生物活性炭工艺出水则不能达到类似效果;长江原水、常规工艺出水和强化常规工艺出水均可引起不同程度的DNA损伤,并分别存在剂量-反应关系,而生物活性炭工艺出水仅在浓度为0.5L/皿(相当于原水体积)时引起DNA损伤.微核试验和彗星试验可有效应用于不同饮用水处理工艺出水的安全性评价.

Using micronucleus tests and comet assays, the genotoxicity of Changjiang River raw water, effluent water from conventional process （ flocculation ＋ sedimentation ＋ sand filter）, effluent water from enhanced conventional process （ flocculation ＋ sedimentation ＋ biological enhanced activity filter）, and effluent water from biological activated carbon process （ flocculation ＋ sedimentation ＋ sand filter ＋ biological activated carbon filter） are analyzed. The results show that comparing with the control group at dosage of 0. 13 to 1.00 L/plate, the frequencies of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by Changjiang River raw water, effluent water from conventional processes, and effluent water from conventional processes are significantly increased while that caused by effluent water from biological activated carbon process keeps constant. Besides, DNA damages in human peripheral blood lymphocytes are induced by Changjiang River raw water, effluent water from conventional process, effluent water from enhanced conventional process, exhibiting dose-response relationships respectively. However, with biological activated carbon process, DNA damages are induced only at dosage of 0. 5 L/plate. This study demonstrates that micronucleus tests and comet assays can be used for assessment of safety of effluents from different drinking water treatment process.