小麦株型与产量结构间的协调性分析

Coordination between Plant Type and Yield Structure in Wheat

选用9个性状差异较大的小麦品种(系)组配成36个杂交组合,用Nair单性状水平分组法将杂交组合分为4组。对小麦产量高于7 650 kg/hm2组的株型进行分析,结果表明:随产量水平的升高,上三叶叶长逐渐减小、宽和厚逐渐增加;上三叶的叶基角、开张角和披垂度均逐渐减小;株高和倒二叶面积与产量的关系,由不显著负相关到极显著正相关;穗下节长和倒三叶面积与产量的关系,由不显著正相关到极显著正相关;旗叶面积与产量的关系,由显著正相关到显著负相关。在高产和超高产杂交小麦育种中,应选择株高适中,穗下节长,上三叶短、宽、厚,旗叶面积小,倒二、倒三叶面积大,株型紧凑的杂交组合。

Thirty-six hybrids derived from nine wheat varieties （lines） were clustered into four groups by single characteristic method of Nair grouping. The plant type and yield structure were studied in these groups with the yield of more than 7 650 kg/hm^2, With the improvement of yield level, the top three leaves were shorter, wider, and thicker, while the basic leaf angle, open angle, and leaf drooping degree of the top three leaves were smaller. The relationships between the yield and plant height and the area of the second leaf from top were from no significant negative to significant positive at 1% level. The relationships between the yield and the length of uppermost internode and the area of the third leaf from top were from no significant positive to significant positive at 1% level. The relationship between the yield and the area of the flag leaf was from significant positive to significant negative at 5% level. Taken together, in high yield and super-high yield hybrid wheat breeding, the crosses of suitable plant height,longer length of uppermost internode, wider and shorter and thicker top three leaves, smaller area of flag leaf, larger area of the second and third leaf from top, as well as compact plant type were desired.