一个优美而机智的“整一”:生态视野中的“忽必烈汗”

One Graceful and Intelligent Whole:"Kubla Khan" from Ecological Perspective

从生态视角解读"忽必烈汗"文本里的众多"不一",可以说明它只是表面上的未竟之作,其实诗人正是通过种种"不一"而实现思想与艺术上的"整一"。诗人有意把象征人类中心主义的帝王"游乐宫"建立在一片沃土之上与圣河之边,凸显人类在资本主义时期蔑视自然、掠夺自然的残暴,如果长期如此人类只能遭到自然力量的颠覆和报复而最终走向冰窟;诗人把手扶古琴、唱着山歌的非洲少女与似乎毫不相干的蒙古大汗并置一起,说明人类只有尊重自然、聆听自然,才能真正"摄取蜜露"、"啜饮仙乳",进而构建理想的天堂。长诗片断"忽必烈汗"融众多"不一"于一体,构成了一个优美而机智的"整一",是其人与自然对立统一哲学观念的集中体现。

The usual lack of reference to Coleridge＇ s unity theory leads to the failure of attention to the ecological significance in Kubla Khan. The poem, which seems a fragment, is the result of his aptitude for entertaining at once perfectly incompatible positions. ‘Pleasure-dome＇ and ‘eaves of ice＇ , ‘sacred river＇ and ‘lifeless ocean＇ , ‘voices prophesying war＇ and‘ the milk of paradise＇ , and many other opposites in this poem suggest that the civilizing perfection of the Khan strives to create by exclusion, attempting to show that the ＇ savage＇ with its ＇ walls and towers＇ is doomed to failure. However, spiritual peace and rest only come from a deep respect for nature and an attitude of seeing all little things in one. Behind the disunity is Coleridge＇ s aspiration for the integrity and harmony of man＇ s relationship to society and nature as an absolute unity.