5周高原训练对优秀自行车运动员WBC、RBC、HGB和HCT影响的研究

Effect of altitude training for 5 weeks on WBC,RBC,HGB and HCT for elite bicyclists

通过对山东省8名优秀自行车运动员5周高原训练前、训练中与训练后与免疫能力和有氧运动能力相关指标变化规律的分析,研究高原训练对优秀自行车运动员免疫能力以及有氧运动能力的影响。8名研究对象在高原进行为期5周的训练,3天一周期,与平原训练内容一致。运动员WBC水平在上高原后第1周末开始减少,持续3周呈现出显著性差异(P<0.05)后上升,在下高原后的第1周达到一个峰值,并与进高原前呈现显著性差异(P<0.01),随后又下降趋于稳定;RBC、HGB和HCT三个指标变化趋势基本一致,都是在进入高原后升高,到第4、5周达到峰值后趋于稳定,呈现出和高原前比较显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);高原训练结束后下降,直到低于高原训练前水平后回归,第5周左右达到高原训练前水平。经过5周的高原训练,可以观察到运动员的血液指标变化大致呈现3个时相的变化,即升高相、保持相、回归相,提示高原训练导致运动员免疫能力产生明显变化,与运动能力有关的指标显著升高,并持续到下高原后两周左右。高原训练要严格运动员机体监控,在下高原两周内参加比赛更有利于运动员成绩的发挥。

Through analyzing the change of index of correlation of the immunocompetence and the aerobic exercise capacity between prior and post 5 weeks altitude training in 8 elite cyclists in Shandong and investigating its variable relationship,the aim is to study the effects of altitude training on immunocompetence and the aerobic exercise capacity in elite cyclists.8 subjects were trained for 5 weeks in altitude.The training method is consistent with it in plain and every period lasts for 3 days.At the end of week when entering the plateau the count of WBC began to decrease in three weeks continued to show significant differences （ P 〈 0.05） , and then increased up to a week after descending plateau reached a peak , which showed the significant difference （ P 〈 0.01 ） with prior entering plateau, then followed by decline stabilized; When entering the plateau, three indicators of RBC, HGB and HCT exhibited basically the same trends. The indicators increased and up to the peak at 4,5 weeks entering the plateau and then stabilized, showing significant difference （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ） with prior entering the plateau, declined up to a lower level than prior entering the plateau and then regressed to the normal level prior altitude training at approximately 5 weeks after descending the plateau. After five weeks of altitude training in athletes, there are exhibiting more or less three- phase change in blood indicators impacted by altitude training. That is, ascending phase, highly efficient maintenance phase, regression phase; Altitude training in athletes caused the apparent change of the immunocompetence and the physical fitness, also caused prominent enhance of some indexs related to exercise performance, and the effects will last for two weeks. It is indicated that aerobic exercise capacity of athletes will increase significantly. Participate competition within two weeks after descending plateau could improve the performance.