燃煤及其替代发电方案的生命周期成本分析

Life cycle cost analysis of coal-fired power generation and its alternatives

用生命周期思想,将环境因素的外部成本内部化,提出生命周期成本分析方法.应用此方法对不同发电方案的经济性能进行了评价.从生命周期环境影响、各阶段的外部成本、各排放物的外部成本和生命周期总成本4个角度综合分析对比常规粉煤发电(C-F)、整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)和天然气联合循环(NGCC)的经济成本.结果表明:不考虑发电引起的环境成本,C-F的经济优势明显,发电内部成本分别较IGCC和NGCC低0.052和0.079元/(kW·h).对于NGCC,其外部成本只有0.086元/(kW·h),因此其生命周期成本大大低于煤电方案.综合考虑经济成本和环境污染2个因素,NGCC的综合性能最优.而作为洁净煤发电技术,IGCC的外部成本只有C-F的13.9%,是适合我国能源结构的C-F替代发电方案.

Life cycle cost analysis was proposed and applied to analyze the economic performance of power generation scenarios. Internal cost, external cost and life cycle cost of life cycle phases and emissions were calculated to compare conventional coal-fired （C -F） to its alternatives integrated gasification combined cycle （IGCC） and natural gas combined eycle（NGCC）. The results indieate that without environmental thinking, C -F has advantage for its low internal eost, O. 052 and 0. 079 RMB/ （kW · h） less than IGCC and NGCC. External cost of NGCC is 0. 086 RMB/ （ kW · h）, thus it performs better than coal based power generations. But NGCC is hard to use wildly because of its expensive fuel cost. External cost of IGCC is 13.9% of that of C - F. It performs much better than C -F, is an advanced and clean coal-based power generation alternative for China.