氢气扩散阳极电解铝技术研究进展

Research improvement of hydrogen diffusion anode applied to aluminium reduction

高能耗、高污染是Hall-Héroult铝电解槽无法克服的先天不足。氢气扩散阳极(HDA)电解铝方法无论在能耗还是在排放上,比Hall-Héroult铝电解槽或者是其它技术有明显的优势。它已经在冶金、燃料电池等领域得到广泛的应用并且取得了较好的节能与环保效果。氢气扩散阳极在电解铝领域应用的难点在于,探寻合适的气体—电极—电解质系统和有效控制HF排放。基于吉布斯自由能的化学反应动力学仿真分析为解决这些问题提供了便利。研究表明,Ni合金可能可以胜任电极材料的要求;而合理设计阳极结构,迅速转移主反应中生成的水蒸汽,可以较好地解决HF排放问题。

Hall-Héroult aluminium electrolysis cells cannot conquer its shortcoming inherently including high energy consumption and high pollution.Aluminium electrolysis technology applying hydrogen diffusion anode（HDA） could show the huge advantages no matter compared to traditional aluminium electrolysis approach or other alternative ways in energy saving and environmental area.HDA had shown its excellent facility after being applied into normal temperature electrolysis and fuel cells,but could not be utilized into aluminium electrolysis realm. Key point regarding the application of HDA on aluminium electrolysis is that, how to find appropriate gas - electrode - electrolyte system, and how to control HF emission. Reactive dynamic simulation analysis based on the Gibbs free energy facilitated solving these sorts of problems. According to the conclusions, probably, nickel alloy could be competent to the electrode place, and HF emission problem could be solved by optimizing anode construction for removing water vapor produced from electrolysis.