地面上两点间方位角和距离计算的实用公式

Practical formulae for calculating azimuth and distance between two points on the ground

在涉及距离计算的很多工程应用时,经常需要计算地面上位置已知的两点间的方位角和距离,解算这一问题时一般是将地球近似成旋转椭球来进行,而实际情况是计算点并不在参考椭球上,而是距参考椭球有大地高H,因此使用理论距离公式计算误差太大。为解决该问题,提出了利用相似椭球法构造新的参考椭球,并在前人研究的基础上借助计算机代数系统Mathematica进行了推导,得到了简单、实用的距离和方位角计算公式。最后,进行了数据验证,结果表明了该方法的正确性。

As for calculating the azimuth and distance between the transmitter and the receiver, the general method is to take the earth as rotary ellipsoid approximately, and then calculate the azimuth and distance on its surface, but the real point position is not on the surface. As there is a distance of geodetic height H between point position and the ellipsoid, the theoretic distance formula can not be used directly. In order to solve the problem, a new similar ellipsoid was constructed. Then, based on the former research and with the help of the computer algebra system Mathematica, a simple and practical formula for calculating the azimuth and distance was given. The data computation result proves the correctness of the method.