我国污染治理方式的现实选择——基于市场交易方式与政府管制的比较

Practical Choice for Chinese Pollution Control Methods Based on the Comparison of Market Transaction Mode and Government Restriction

我国传统治理污染的方式以政府管制为主,包括直接管制和环境税费两种。与传统的政府管制手段相比,目前国际上治理污染的新兴制度是排污权交易制度,这一制度具有理论上的优越性,并已为发达国家的实践所证明。但污染治理方式的选择会受到市场化程度、污染物类型与分布、环境产权明晰程度、制度实施成本等诸多因素的制约。对于中国这样的发展中国家而言,需要综合运用多种方式来综合治理环境污染。

As for the pollution treatment, China mainly adopted the traditional method of government restriction, including direct restriction and environment taxes. At present, the new system of international pollution control is cap and trade system, which has great theoretical advantages and bas been proved by the practice of developed counties. But practical choice for pollution control methods is restricted by the degree of market, the type and distribution of pollutant, the clarity of environment property right and the cost of system formulation. For China as a developing country, various methods with different focuses should be adopted to treat pollution.