寻找被遮蔽的美学精神——马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的美学解读

Recovering the Overshadowed Spirit of Aesthetics——An aesthetic Interpretation of Marx’ Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思有许多深刻的哲学思考可以给美学研究提供有益的启示,但是长期以来《手稿》中的许多极有价值的思想却被遮蔽或者被曲解。马克思在分析异化劳动时尽管指出劳动生产了美,但是如果结合文本的特定情境去分析这个阐述,合理的推论应是美与自由自觉的劳动并无必然的关系;马克思分析了人与动物生产的区别,从中不难发现按照美的规律构造是人之为人的基本规定;马克思关于人的本质力量的论述更是极有价值的,它们深刻表明审美是人肯定自身的一种本质力量,也是人占有自身本质的一种对象性关系;从审美作为人的本质力量的角度分析,它在美学研究中比美有着更为基础的逻辑优先地位。

In Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, Marx brought forward many profound philosophical ideas that are beneficial to the study of aesthetics. For a long period, however, some valuable thinking in the manuscripts was overshadowed or misunderstood. In the process of analyzing the estranged labor, Marx pointed out that labor produces beauty, but if we analyze this proposition in the light of the specific context, the logic inference will be that there is no necessary connection between beauty and the free conscious labor. Marx analyzed the distinction between human and animal, and it is not hard to find that it is a basic regulation to produce in accordance with the laws of beaut y. Marx discussion about human＇s essential power is valuable, and the discussion manifests that aesthetic appreciation is an essential power by which human affirms itself, and it is also an objective relation by which human possesses his essence. Analyzed from the aspect that it is a human＇s essential power, the position of aesthetic appreciation has a more fundamental logic-based priority position than beauty in aesthetic study.