也论推定规则适用中的证明责任和证明标准——兼与何家弘教授商榷

A further research on burden of proof and standard of proof in applying the presumption rules-A discus- sion with Professsor He Jiahong

中国现行法不仅存在转移"完整证明责任"的推定规则,也存在类似于美国法上仅转移"举证责任"的推定规则。在中国,对推定事实进行有效反驳的证明标准不应该是统一的"优势证据"标准,而应该根据诉讼类型、推定类型不同而有所区分。

In the positive law of China, there exist not only presumption rules that transfer ＂full burden of proof, but also those that transfer ＂partial burden of proof＂, which are similar to the presumption rules that only transfer the burden of production in USA. In China, the standard of proof for effectively refuting presumed facts should not be subject to the ＂preponderance of evidence＂ standard, but instead should be diversified according to the type of litigation and type of presumption.