麻风畸残患者术前心态的调查

Psychological Status of the Leprosy People with Disabilities before Surgery

目的了解麻风畸残患者术前的心态及对术后效果的期望。方法采用中国医学科学院皮肤病研究所麻风病防治研究室的调查表,以问卷和面谈的方法对9省(区)拟接受国家彩票公益金麻风畸残手术矫治项目的937例麻风畸残者进行调查。结果麻风畸残患者不配合手术的原因:收费(79.19%)和不了解国家的免费救治政策(64.78%)、害怕手术(48.88%)、对畸残有掩饰心理(46.43%)和担心术后暴露自己的身份(45.57%)、畸残后绝望意念(43.86%)、不了解手术效果(37.46%)、认为畸残是麻风的必然结果(32.98%)和以年龄不适合为由拒绝手术(30.63%)。90%以上患者期望术后改善身体功能、在家庭中发挥自己的作用、减少帮助量和获得心理稳定,对回归职业的期望值不是很高。结论手术之前医务人员了解和掌握麻风畸残患者的心理状态非常必要。

Objective To investigate the psychological status of leprosy people with disability and their expectation towards surgical outcomes before surgical operation.Methods 937 cases from nine provinces,which were covered by the China National Commonweal funded surgical camps,were surveyed by a structure questionnaire designed by the Department of Leprosy Control and Rehabilitation,Institute of Dermatology,the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences（CAMS）.Results Reasons for the patients to refuse the surgical operation included concerns in medical cost（79.19%）,unawareness of the free medical surgery program（64.78%）,scaring of surgery（48.88%）,unwilling to expose their disabilities（46.43%）,unwilling to expose their history of leprosy（45.57%）,despairing with disability（43.86%）,having no ideas on surgical results（37.46%）,believing that disability is an inevitable outcome of the disease（32.98%）,and rejecting the operation becasue of age（30.63%）.More than 90% of PALs who are willing to accept surgery expected that surgery can improve their physical ability and they may contribute more to their family or become less independent after surgery;however,they thought there was little opportunity to return to work after surgery.Conclusion It is helpful and necessary to understand the psychological status of the leprosy people with disability before surgery.