农业有机废弃物蚯蚓堆制因素优化及堆制产物主要性状变化特征

Optimization of Factors in Vermicomposting of Agricultural Organic Wastes and Variation of Main Properties of the Compost

采用模拟培养法,对农业有机废弃物的蚯蚓堆制条件进行因素优化,并以优化后条件组合作为培养条件,进一步研究了蚯蚓堆制物性状的变化。结果表明,随蚯蚓处理时间增加,堆制物pH和C/N比值均显著降低,电导率却显著增加;速效N、P含量均在处理45天时达到最高,速效K含量在处理30天时达到最高;在堆制前期,蔗糖酶、脲酶及过氧化氢酶活性均增强,而磷酸酶活性则呈下降趋势。在蚯蚓堆制60天时,与猪粪+稻草混合堆制物[m(猪粪)∶m(稻草)=7∶3,温度15℃,湿度75%,接种密度10尾.盆-1]的特性相比,猪粪+木屑混合堆制物[m(猪粪)∶m(木屑)=7∶3,温度20℃,湿度75%,接种密度15尾.盆-1]的pH、电导率及速效K含量相对较低,而蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性均相对较高。相对而言,利用蚯蚓对猪粪和木屑进行混合堆制可同时达到安全和资源化利用的目的。

In a laboratory incubation experiment, factors affecting vermieomposting of agricultural organic wastes were optimized, and vermieomposting conducted under the condition combining all the optimized factors. And then the resultant compost was analyzed for variation of its major properties. Results show that with vermieomposting going on, pH value and C/N ratio of the wastes decreased but EC content increased significantly; available N, available P in the organic wastes reached the highest in content on D45, and available K reached the highest in content on D30 ; activities of sucrase, urease and eatalase increased but phosphatase activity decreased in the initial period of vermicomposting. Moreover, compared with the vermicompost of mixture of pig dung and rice straw （7 ： 3 in ratio, 15℃ in temperature, 75% in humidity and 10 worms/pot in inoculation density） , the vermicompost of pig dung and sawdust （7 ： 3 in ratio, 20℃ in temperature, 75% in humidity and 15 worms/pot in inoculation density） was relatively lower in pH, EC and available K, but relatively higher in the activity of suerase and phosphatase. Relatively speaking, vermicomposting of the mixture of pig dung and sawdust is an effective approach to safe recycling of agricultural organic waste.