2008年北京市幼儿家长手足口病认知状况调查

Aanalysis on awareness of hand-foot-and-mouth disease among young children' carers in Beijing City,2008

目的了解北京市幼儿园幼儿家长对手足口病的认知状况，为开展相关健康教育提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法，在全市选取8所公立和4所打工子弟幼儿园，每个幼儿园按照大中小班各选取一个班，对选中学生的家长进行问卷调查。结果本次共调查814人，公立幼儿园幼儿家长603人，打工子弟幼儿园幼儿家长211人；男女性别比为1：1．81；家长年龄以30～39岁年龄组最高（64．9％）；文化程度以大本／大专为主（49．9％）；完成问卷的家长中，父母占85．9％。公立幼儿园幼儿家长在手足口病病原的认识上正确率达到了83．9％，打工子弟幼儿园幼儿家长为60．7％（x^2=49．059，P〈0．05），同样在手足口病传播途径、手足口病预防措施方面公立幼儿园幼儿家长回答正确率也高于打工子弟幼儿园幼儿家长（x^2=17．606，P〈0．05；x^2=26．269，P〈0．05），而在发病对象及临床表现的认识上，两者无统计学差异。家长手足口病防治知识主要是从学校／幼儿园（91．6％）获得的。幼儿园幼儿家长获取手足口病防治知识的渠道和预期渠道主要是托幼园所／学校、电视、宣传手册、报纸、广播。结论由于北京市开展大规模的手足口病健康教育，幼儿园幼儿家长手足口病相关知识认知较好，但家长中认知存在一定差异，应根据家长的具体情况，选择多途径的健康教育方式，以有效提高家长手足口病相关知识认知水平。

Objective To learn the awareness of young children＇ carers on hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Beijing, and to provide basis for implementing health education. Methods One class in each grade in eight public and four immigrant workers＇ children kindergartens was selected by multistage cluster sampling, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the selected children＇ searers. Results 814 carers were surveyed, and 603 were from public kindergartens and 211 from immigrant workers children kindergarten. The ratio of male to female was 1 ： 1.81, the age of carers were mainly 30 - 39 years old （ 64. 9% ） ; the education level was mainly undergraduate/junior college （ 49. 9% ） ; 85.9% of them were parents. The correct rates on hand-foot-mouth disease pathogen, pathway and prevention methods of children carers in public kindergartens were higher than that of children carers in immigrant workers kindergartens. There was no difference in understanding the symptoms between public kindergartens and immigrant workers＇ children kindergarten. The related knowledge was mainly obtained from schools/kindergartens （91.6%）. The getting and expected channels were mainly school/kindergarten, television, publicized manuals, newspaper and broadcast. Conclusion Due to the extensive health education in Beijing, carers had relatively better knowledge, but differences existed among different groups of cares. Group-specific health education with multi channels was helpful to promote the awareness of the carers on hand-foot-and-mouth disease.