调节性B细胞的发现和研究进展

The Identification and Advances of Regulatory B Cells

B细胞主要通过呈递抗原和产生抗体发挥免疫调节作用。新近研究表明,一种全新的B细胞亚群——调节性B细胞(regulatory Bcell,Bregs),可通过产生白细胞介素10(IL-10)或转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)等抑制性细胞因子介导免疫耐受,抑制过度炎症反应。Bregs在一些慢性炎性疾病包括肠炎、类风湿性关节炎、实验性自身免疫脑脊髓炎、多发性硬化症、感染和肿瘤等发生、发展和转归过程起重要调节作用。Bregs的发现和作用机制的阐明,将为全面、深入了解免疫耐受的机制,寻找和开发更合理治疗慢性炎性疾病的策略提供理论依据。本文综述了Bregs的发现、生物学特征、发育调节及其参与炎性疾病发病的作用和机制。

B cells are typically characterized by their ability to regulate the immune responses through presenting antigens and producing antibodies. However, a novel B cell subset, named regulatory B cells （Bregs） , has been identified. As Tregs, the Bregs are capable of performing both pathogenic and regulatory functions by production of suppressive cytokines, such as IL-IO or TGF-β1, or by interaction with pathogen T cells or other immune cells. Recent studies indicate that the Bregs play a critical role in the development and resolution of multiple chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheuma- toid arthritis, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The identification and the clarification of action mechanisms of the Bregs will greatly contribute to understanding the mechanisms of immune tolerance comprehensively and deeply, and to develop the rational therapeutic strategies for arthritis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, infectious diseases and cancer, etc. In this review, we summarized the recent insights of identification, characterizations, development, and regulation mechanisms of Bregs and these cells contribution to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.