儿童哮喘危险因素的病例对照研究

A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Asthma in Ningxia

目的探索与儿童哮喘有关的危险因素。方法采用1∶1配对设计的病例对照流行病学研究的方法,选择经宁夏医科大学附属医院儿科确诊的122例哮喘患儿为病例;同时选择该院同期住院经确诊的非哮喘患儿,以同性别、年龄相差2岁以内与病例1∶1匹配。问卷调查两组人群的危险因素暴露信息,数据采用条件Logistic回归分析。结果烹调用燃煤、居室地面是地毯/复合木地板、住所周围500m以内有工厂与饲养宠物均有统计学意义(P<0.05),OR值分别为3.29、6.92、5.98、3.05。经常感冒的儿童患哮喘的危险性增加(P<0.01,OR=9.34),床褥经常晾晒是儿童哮喘的保护性因素(P<0.01,OR=0.11)。结论室内外环境因素是儿童哮喘发生的重要因素,烹调用燃煤、居室地面是地毯/复合木地板、住所周围500m以内有工厂、饲养宠物、经常感冒是儿童哮喘的危险因素,而床褥经常晾晒可降低哮喘的发生。

Objective To explore the risk factors of asthmas in childhood. Methods Using 1 ： 1 matched casecontrol study design, 122 cases and 122 age-sex-matched controls from one hospital were investigated on the risk factors. Conditional Logistic regression analysis was used for data analysis. Results It revealed in univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis that there was statistical significance correlation among using coal in cooking, Having carpet or woody floor in room, Having factory in 500m from living, Raising pets and childhood asthma （P 〈 0.05）, with the odds ratios of 3.29,6.92,5.98 and 3.05. We also found that child who cought a cold often was more likely to cause asthma（ P 〈 0.01, OR = 9.34） .The resulst also showed that drying the bedding regularity was a protected factor for childhood asthma （ P 〈0.05, OR = 0.11 ）. Conclusion The study showed that the indoor and outdoor environmental risk factors were associated with the childhood asthma as using coal for cooking, Having carpet or woody floor in room, Having factory in 500m from house, Raising pets as well as catching a cold often were the possible risk factors related to childhood asthma. Drying the bedding regularity was likely to reduce the risk for childhood asthma.