尾矿坝危险因素分析及补救除险措施

Analysis of risk factors and remedies for tailing dams

尾矿库是一种非常特殊的涉及公共安全的矿业工程构筑物,是具有高势能的人造泥石流危险源.五等尾矿库数量占据了我国尾矿库总数的80%以上,其失事后对环境和社会造成极大破坏.以繁峙同发铁选二厂尾矿库为例,分析了威胁尾矿坝体安全的危险有害因素,利用事故树分析得出特大洪水是尾矿库溃坝的最重要因素.从可持续发展和环境保护角度出发,针对尾矿库设计及建设缺陷,提出了补救除险措施——增建外排洪系统,保证尾矿库运行及闭库后的安全稳定.同时还提出了尾矿坝安全管理措施建议,以期对尾矿库安全运行及管理提供参考.

Tailing dam is a very special mine engineering construction, which is a dangerous source of mud-rock flow with high potential and is closely related to public security. Five-class tailing dams take up more than 80% of all the tailing dams in China, which would destroy our environment and society tremendously if accidents happened. Taking the tailing dam of Tongfa Second Iron Mining Factory in Fanshi County, this paper analyzed the risk factors threatening the tailing dams and concluded extraordinary flood was the key factor for dam break through the accident tree. Furthermore, based on sustainable development and environmental protection, we provided the remedial measures in order to avoid the design and construction limit, i. e. increasing the quantity of outer drainage system to ensure the working stability of tailing dam. Last but not the least, we put forward some suggestions regarding safety management, in order to provide references for the future operation and management of tailing dams.