城市近自然森林生态效益研究

Study on ecological benefits of urban near-natural forests

以位于上海浦东新区种植7年的近自然森林为研究对象,测定空气负离子浓度、空气温度、空气湿度、空气微生物和土壤微生物5个指标;与浙江天童国家森林公园内的常绿阔叶林、城市常见的人工绿地类型进行对比.结果表明:近自然森林空气负离子浓度高于常见城市人工绿地类型,但远低于天童常绿阔叶林;城市绿地群落中,空气真菌、细菌和放线菌粒径分布不同,近自然森林四季空气细菌平均浓度低于对比样地,降菌作用明显;而四季空气真菌和放线菌平均浓度高于对比样地;近自然林比同期建设的浦东绿化带和建成多年的长风公园绿地在土壤微生物数量特征上更接近于自然生长的常绿阔叶林.

This paper focused on the ecological benefits of the near-natural forest in Pudong Shanghai, and contrasted it with the evergreen broad-leaf forests in Tiantong National Park and also with plant communities in urban areas. Several indices were selected in the investigation, ineluding concentration of air anion, air temperature and humidity, air microorganisms and soil microorganisms. We got the following results. The air anion in near-natural forest were much higher than that in the contrast communities in urban areas, but much lower than that in the evergreen broad-leaf forests in Tiantong National Forest Park. The distribution of air bacteria, air fungus, and air actinomycete were definitely different. The average of air bacteria concentrations of urban near-natural forest was lower than contrast sample plots, but air fungi and aetinomycete was higher. Near-natural forest was approaching natural forest better than contrast plant communities in urban area by its numbers of soil microorganisms.