64家示范候选企业职业危害监测预警能力分析

Analysis on the monitoring and prewarning ability to occupational hazards in 64 candidates of demonstration enterprises

目的通过综合分析我国职业卫生示范候选企业的职业危害监测预警能力,总结经验,为建立我国高危职业危害监测预警指标和模型提供技术参考。方法从《国家职业卫生示范企业评选标准》中提炼出39项有关职业危害监测预警能力的指标,分别归类为直接预警能力、间接预警能力和协调预警能力,采用层次分析方法计算指标的组合权重系数,建立企业职业危害监测预警能力评价体系和模型;而后,对2006年64家国家职业卫生示范候选企业的职业危害监测预警能力进行了综合评分,满分为100分;并比较分析了不同评选结果、不同地区、不同行业和规模企业预警能力的差异。结果64家企业预警能力综合评分平均为90.9±7.9,其中东部地区企业的评分较高,中部地区企业的评分较低;不同行业和规模示范候选企业的预警能力没有差异;预警能力评分较差的前5项指标分别是职业病危害告知、高毒作业红色警示线设置、产生职业病危害设备警示标识设置、作业场所监测结果公示、作业场所定期检测评价。结论通过加强领导,企业重视职业病防治工作,不同行业、不同规模的企业能在职业危害监测预警能力建设上取得同样的效果;要加强中部地区企业职业危害监测预警工作。

Objective Through the comprehensive analysis on the ability of monitoring and prewarning occupational hazards（MWOH）in candidates of demonstration enterprises,to provide the technique reference for establishing the index and model in monitoring and prewarning of high risk occupational hazard in China.Methods Thirty nine parameters concerned MWOH were extracted from The evaluation criteria for National Demonstration Enterprise of Occupational Health ,which were classified as direct prewarning ability,indirect prewarning ability and integrative warning ability. The assembly weight coefficient of evaluation index was obtained by Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）, and an evaluation system and model were also built for MWOH ability evaluation; the comprehensive score was 100. The MWOH abilities in 64 candidates of demonstration enterprises were evaluated and compared among different areas, industries and enterprise sizes. Results The mean comprehensive score of MWOH ability in 64 candidates of demonstration enterprises was 90. 9 ± 7. 9. The scores were higher in the enterprises from the eastern region, but no obvious difference among various industries and enterprise sizes. The first five indices got lower scores were warning specification, the installation of red alert lines in high-risk workplaces, the installation of warning marks in occupational hazards caused workplaces, the notification of the monitoring results of workplaces, and the regular evaluation on workplace monitoring. Conclusions Through strengthening the leadership and paying more attention to occupational hazards prevention and control, the same MWOH ability could be achieved in various industries and enterprise sizes; and it is also necessary to strengthen the MWOH ability in the enterprises located in middle China.