基于GIS的呼伦贝尔地区土壤侵蚀动态变化研究

Study on Dynamic Changes of Soil Erosion in Hulunbeir Based on GIS

基于1995年、2000年和2005年3个时期TM影像数据,运用ArcGIS 9.2软件和通用水土流失方程(RU-SLE),定量研究呼伦贝尔地区不同时期土壤侵蚀动态,运用马尔科夫模型对2010年和2015年呼伦贝尔地区水土流失状况进行了预测。结果表明,在过去10 a中,呼伦贝尔地区土壤侵蚀程度以微度侵蚀为主,轻度以上侵蚀面积仅占总面积的10%左右。其中,1995-2000年呼伦贝尔地区微度侵蚀面积净减少534.33 km2,轻度以上侵蚀面积增加了580.02 km2,说明1995-2000年的5 a中呼伦贝尔地区土壤侵蚀强度呈增大趋势;2000-2005年微度侵蚀面积净增8326.69 km2,轻度以上侵蚀面积净减少了8360.54 km2,土壤侵蚀强度呈减小趋势,说明2000年以来,呼伦贝尔地区水土流失现状较以前有明显改观,这与同期当地实施生态保育措施有较大关系。预测到2010年和2015年,呼伦贝尔地区土壤侵蚀强度将得到缓解,其中,轻度以上侵蚀面积分别比2005年减少24.8%和38%。

Based on three periods TM image data of years in 1995,2000 and 2005,and will do some quantitative research on the dynamic soil erosion of Hulunbeir area in different periods using ArcGIS 9.2 software and RUSLE.It also predicts soil erosion of Hulunbeir area using the Markov models to compare the situations in 2010 and 2015.The result shows that,in the past ten years,the degree of soil erosion in Hulunbeir area made the tiny degree erosion as clue,above the light degree erosion in Hhulunbeir area reaches up 10% of the total area.Among all,the tiny degree soil erosion in Hulunbeir decreased by 534.33 km2,while the region which is above light degree erosion increased by 580.02 km2 from the year of 1995 to year of 2000.This explains that the soil erosion of Hulunbeir area shows the increasing tendency in five years.From 2000 to 2005,the tiny degree soil erosion in Hulunbeir is increased by 8 326.69 km2 and above the light degree erosion region in Hulunbeir is decreased by 8 360.54 km2.This shows the decreasing tendency of the soil erosion intention in Hulunbeir region.And comparing to 2000 year,the soil erosion in Hulunbeir region have undergone great changes.This result is caused by adopting the eco-protection of the local government.Forecasting for 2010 and 2015,the soil erosion intensity for Hulunbeir area will be alleviated,among which above the light degree erosion land area will be decreased by 24.8% and 38% proportion to that of 2005.