公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况风险性评价

Risk Evaluation on Sanitation Status of Central Air Conditioning System in Public Places

目的对公共场所集中空调通风系统进行风险性评价,为制定公共场所集中空调通风系统风险评价模型提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样和随机抽样相结合的方法,选取具有集中空调通风系统的公共场所共40家进行卫生学评价,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果公共场所集中空调送风系统可吸入颗粒物(PM10)合格率为80.66%,风管内表面积尘量合格率为97.62%,送风系统与风管内表面的细菌总数合格率分别为87.57%、99.40%,冷却塔中军团菌检出率为45.71%。结论公共场所集中空调通风系统存在卫生学风险,应加强公共场所集中空调的定期检测、清洗和消毒,建立经营者、清洗公司、卫生检测机构三方模型,有效预防由此带来的空气传播性疾病和健康问题。

Objective To survey the sanitation status and give the risk evaluation to the central air conditioning system in public place, and provide scientific evidences for establishing evaluation model of air conditioning system. Methods 40 units（ including hotels, restaurants, shopping malls and supermarkets） which had the central air conditioning system were selected by layered and random sampling, and the data were analyzed by STATA 8.0. Results The eligible rate of the inhalable particulate matter was 80. 66% , the eligible rate of amount of dust particles from the inside surface of flue pipes was 97. 62%. The qualified rates of total count of germs from outlets and the inside surface of flue pipes were 87. 57% and 99.40% . The positive rate of Legionella pneumophila was 45.71%. Conclusion Some public health risks exist in the central air conditioning system. Some measures including cleanout periodically should be taken to prevent the health problem.