浅析英语V-ing形式的用法

Probe on the Usage of English V-ing Form

V-ing形式是英语动词的一种非限定形式,国内外一些语法学家在英语非限定动词-ing形式的分类和用法上存在着巨大差异,以奥托·叶斯帕森(Otto Jespersen,1933;1940)、张道真(1995)和薄冰(2004)等为代表语法学家认为,非限定动词有三种形式,它们是不定式、分词(含-ing分词和-ed/en分词)和动名词;而以夸克(Randolph Quirk,1974;1980;1985)、王嘉龄(1980)和章振邦(2003)等为代表的语法学家认为,非限定动词只有两种形式:不定式和分词。他们用"-ing分句"这一术语来笼统地称呼-ing分词和动名词,但同时也指出"-ing分句"含有名词特征。在语法教学过程中,有关英语非限定动词一ing形式的术语和特征经常被混淆和误解。本文将引用叶斯帕森等语法学家的观点,把V-ing形式分为现在分词(present participle)和动名词(gerund),从句法角度分析它们在句中的用法区别及其逻辑主语的表现形式,旨在提高学习者的翻译、阅读和语篇分析能力。

V-ing form belongs to English Non-finite verbs. Grammar specialists at home and abroad think differently of its classification and usage. Some represented by Otto Jcspersan （1933;1940）, Zhang-dao-zhen（1995）and Bao-bin（2004） think that non-finite verbs have three forms, which are infinitive, participle （-ing participle and ed/cn participle） and gerund. While others represented by Randolph Quirk （1974;1980;1985）, Wang jia-ling（1980） and Zhang zhenbang（2003） think that non-finite verbs have only two forms, which are infinitive and participle. They use the term of ＂-ing clause＂ to name - ing participle and gerund together, but they also point out that the ＂ - ing clause＂ bears some characteristics of nouns. In the process of grammar teaching, the terms and characteristics relating to V-ing forms are often confused and misunderstood. This articl will quote some opinions represented by Otto Jespersen, explain the V-ing form according to present participle and gerund and focus on the differences of their usage and logical subjects , aiming to improve the learners ＇abilities of translation, reading and discourse analysis.