溶剂萃取法回收废弃含能材料的研究现状

The Progress on Obsolete Energetic Material Recycle by Solvent Extraction Method

废弃含能材料主要来源于退役武器和超过存储期弹药,是特殊性质的危险品,必须妥善处理。综述了废弃含能材料组分的提取技术,并介绍了改善方法(即加速溶剂萃取法和超临界流体萃取法)。当设计合理时溶剂萃取法可以做到处理过程安全、操作简单,所用溶剂可回收再利用,无三废排放,是一种处理和利用废弃含能材料的较优途径。

Obsolete energetic materials, as a kind of particular dangerous article which mostly come from retired weapons and the expired ammunition, must be properly treated. In this paper, the extraction technology of obsolete energetic materials is summarized, and improved extraction methods such as accelerated solvent extraction and super- critical fluid extraction are introduced. When the design is reasonable, the solvent extraction method has obvious su- periority including operation safety and simplicity, solvent reuse and recycle and no pollution. Therefore the solvent extraction method is a preferable orocess for reclaimin~ the obsolete energetic materials.