论儒家诗学的泛化

On the Generalization of Confucianist Poetics

儒家诗学是儒家先贤把"诗三百"放到政治教化中考量,从礼乐意识中伸展出来的思想智慧。经验的单薄性,决定了儒家诗学有精神旨趣单一、思想结构单调的先天不足。在"独尊儒术"的大背景中,儒家诗学被经典化为一套以"讽"(风刺、风教、风化)为价值核心、号称"诗教"的相对完整的理论话语,并开始了它"泛化"的历程。"泛化"并不是因为儒家诗学结构中有可供拓展的理论空间,而是出于把儒家诗学以"讽"为核心价值的价值观树立为一切文学的"原教旨"的意识形态动机。"泛化"儒家诗学有两大类型:一有"守道护教"般的凝重,一如"梨园扮戏"样轻松。"泛化"儒家诗学的结果,不仅仅表现为涣散了儒家诗学的思想智慧,更为重要的是给中国文学的发展制造了额外的困难。

Confucian poetics represented the mental intelligence derived from Confucian consciousness of propriety and music in the Confucian founders＇ practice of observing The Collection of 300 Classical Poems in terms of politics and ethics. Empirical scarcity determined the sole spiritual interest and monotonous ideology of Confucian poetics. Under the general circumstances of ＂siding emphasis on Confucianism＂, Confucian poetics was classicized into a complete theoretical discourse well known as ＂poetry education＂, which based its value on ＂irony＂, including satire, convention, and enlightenment, hence starting its course of generalization. The result of the generalization of Confucian poetics manifested not only laxing the ideological intelligence of Confucian poetics but also creating extra difficulty for advancement of Chinese literature.