中国城镇居民自我药疗行为健康风险水平评估

Health risk of self-medication in Chinese urban residents

目的了解中国城镇居民自我药疗行为的健康风险水平。方法采取分层随机抽样方法对中国东、中、西部地区6个城市的2 160名社区居民进行入户访谈式问卷调查。结果自我药疗时,38.8%的居民经常随意使用抗生素,27.9%的居民随意增减用药疗程,25.5%的居民随意增减用药剂量,25.4%的居民同时使用多品种药物;居民自我药疗行为健康风险水平值呈正偏态分布,最大值为1,最小值为0,中位数为0.191 6,四分位间距为0.250 7;91.4%的居民自我药疗健康风险水平值R<0.5;多元线性回归分析结果显示,自评健康状况、居住地理区域、自我药疗态度等3个自变量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中西部地区居民及受教育程度较低,居民自我药疗行为的健康风险水平较高;因此,上述人数的自我药疗行为需进行重点干预以减少风险,促进其安全的自我药疗。

Objective To study the health risk of self-medication in Chinese urban residents. Methods The trained inquirer conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey among community residents selected with stratified rendom sapmling from 6 cities of China. Results Among 2160 interviewees,38.8% used antibiotics at will during self-medication;27.9% of them prolonged or shortened the duration of medicine use;25.5 % added or reduced the dosage, and 25.4% used different medicines at one time. The data of health risk level was positive skew distribution with the maximum of 1, minimun of 0, median of 0. 1916, and the quartile range of 0. 2507.19.4% of the values was less than 0. 5. The results of multiple linear regression showed that three independent variables （self-report health, living area, attitude towards self-medication） were of statistic significance. Conclusion The residents lived in the middle-west area of China and the residents with low education degree are the key population of intervention because of their high risk in self-medication.