浅谈现代林业与传统林业、自然保护之间的关系

Discussion on the Relationship Between the Modern and Traditional Forestry and Nature Conservation

法正林林业是与工业经济相适应的森林经营，二百年里曾两度恢复荒芜衰退的德国森林，现在称为传统林业。适应自然林业、近自然林业是近百余年来批判、纠正法正林林业缺点、弊病而酝酿发展起来的，是在充分认识森林从其诸多关系的基础上形成的，与当今知识经济相适应。欧洲已普遍接受近自然林业的经营思想，日本、北美也给予了广泛重视，因此可以认为近自然林业已是当代世界林业发展理论的重要组成。传统林业、现代林业都是产业，都把森林、林地当作资本，重视生长量、蓄积量、木材产量的增长。近自然林业兼顾了环境、自然保护以及其它社会效益，认为没有必要把过多森林划为自然保护对象。自然保护是社会事业，将完全依靠政府财政维持。

Abstract A discussion was made in this paper on the relationships between the modern and traditional forestry and nature conservation.The author insists that both modern and traditional foresty should be regarded as industry,most of the forest should be managed in an industrial way,while,a small proportion of the forest must be conserved as natural resources.The essential task of the Chinese forestry development today is to increase forest productivity.For the social and public nature,the maintenance of the nature reserves must rely on the support of the governmental finance and public awareness.However,forestry,whatever being managed in the modern or the traditional manner,must be subjected to the need of nature conservation.