合浦珠母贝三个养殖群体微卫星遗传多样性

Genetic diversity of three cultured Pinctada fucata populations based on mic rosatellite loci analysis.

以广东徐闻金碧公司养殖场、广西北海营盘镇养殖场和南海水产研究所海南实验基地3个合浦珠母贝养殖群体为对象,利用8个微卫星位点M1、M2、M3、M4、M5、M6、M7、M8的引物进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明:8个微卫星标记位点在3个养殖群体中共检测到58个等位基因,观测等位基因数为2～9个,平均有效等位基因数3.72～5.06,平均观察杂合度0.41～0.56,平均期望杂合度0.67～0.75,3个群体的平均多态信息含量PIC值为0.62～0.70,全部为高度多态(PIC≥0.5),表明这几个合浦珠母贝养殖群体目前仍具有较高的遗传多样性,遗传信息丰富,遗传变异大,可以作为良好的育种材料;在这3个养殖群体中,南海水产研究所海南实验基地的养殖群体的遗传多样性最高,广西北海营盘镇养殖群体遗传多样性最低,这一结果可以为今后选择育种、种质保护提供可资借鉴的资料。

By using eight microsatellite loci （M1, M2, M3, M4, MS, M6, M7 and M8）, the genetic diversity of three Pinctada fucata populations from the pearl farms in Xuwen of Guangdong and Beihai of Guangxi, and from the experimental base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute in Hainan was studied. A total of fifty eight alleles of these eight microsatellite loci were detected, among which, the observed allele number was 2-9, average effective allele number was 3.72-5.06, average observed population heterozygosity was 0. 41-0. 56, and average observed expected heterozygosity was 0. 67-0. 75. All the three populations had a polymorphic information content （PIC） of 0.62 - 0.70, suggesting their high polymorphism （ PIC 〉 0. 5 ）. Among the three populations, the cultured population from the experimental base of South China Sea Fisheries Institute had the highest polymorphism, and that from Beihai of Guangxi had the lowest one. These results provided useful information for the selective breeding and germplast conservation of P. fucata.