秦汉时期的“太上皇”

The "Supreme Emperors" in the Qin and Han Dynasties

"太上皇"称谓体现了帝制时代最高权力集团中特殊的亲族关系,其最初发生与"皇帝"同时。"太上皇"和"皇帝"之间的帝位传递与帝权继承,历史上有过复杂的情形。以称"太上皇"为标志的最高执政者生前的权力转让虽然在秦汉时期没有直接发生,但先秦时期类似的历史记忆以及汉代皇帝向异姓出让国家管理权力的情形,很可能于深层的潜意识影响着帝王晚年的心态。另外,兴起于社会下层的武装暴动集团以反政府为旗帜,却并不否定皇权。所谓"妖贼"自称"太上皇帝"的史例,也值得政治史研究者、文化史研究者以及社会思想史研究者予以关注。

The title ＂supreme emperor＂ concurred with the emperor. In history the succession was complicated. The supreme emperor as overlord didn＇ t offer his power to his son before death in the Qin dynasty, but in pre - Qin days similar historical memory and in the Han dynasty emperor having to give up his power to other clans of different surnames were hidden in the sub - consciousness of emperors in his last days. In addition, the uprisings from peasants of lower status were not against the imperial power. The so-called ＂evil thief＂ or self- called ＂supreme emperor＂ is worth researching by scholars in the histories of politics, culture and thoughts.