行政公诉视野下法国行政行为相对人的救济体系

An introduction to France's relief system for administrative action objects from the angle of administrative public prosecution

法国的行政公诉可以追溯到12世纪的"国王代理人"制度,并于1808年成为现代意义的公诉制度。法国对行政行为相对人的救济包括议会救济、行政救济、司法救济。议会救济中最具有代表意义的是调查委员会的调查权;在行政救济中,最有效的是设立于1973年的调解专员制度;而在司法救济中,最鲜明地制度特点是法官职位永久制、晋升采年资制、纪律处分程序严谨、注意丰富法官阅历等,这些制度保障了司法救济功能的实现。

France＇s administrative proceedings can be traced back to ＂agent of King ＂ system in the 12th century, and became France＇s modern litigation system in 1808. the relief of administrative counterpart includes parliament remedies, administrative remedies and judicial remedies in France. In the parliament remedies, the most typical system is inquiry of Conciliation Committee; In the administrative remedies, the most effective system is the conciliation commissioner that was established in 1973 ;in the judicial remedies, the most distinctive features of the system includes a permanent system for the position of judge, a system of promotion by seniority, rigorous for disciplinary proceedings and enriching judge＇s experience, which can make the function of judicial remedies come true. These systems are interdependent, which protect each other and counterbalance the executive power together.