论田同之的词学思想

On the Thought of Tian Tongzhi's Ci

田同之出身诗学世家,自幼秉承祖父田雯教诲,习学声诗。晚年致仕归乡后,转而致力词学,著有词论《西圃词说》和词集《晚香词》。他的词学观,有两个理论来源:一是以王士祯为代表的广陵词人群的词学主张,一是以朱彝尊为代表的浙西派词学理论。其词论要点是:为词尊体,批评和否定填词为小技的传统观念;辨析诗、词的不同,以"真多假少"、"文生于情",和"假多真少"、"情生于文"来断说诗、词之别;论述词的创作风格,主张风格多样,不拘一格,兼收并采;结合自己的填词体会,学习、借鉴别人的理论主张,多角度的阐明了填词的规范、要求、方法。田同之的九十三条词论,多为"采择"和转录别人的论述,很少自己理论建树,但也应当包含有他自己的体会和领悟,也体现了他的词学思想。

Tian Tongzhi was born in a well-known family of literature and followed his grandfather, Tian Wen in poem from his childhood. At his old age, he resigned from official post and devoted himself to Ci in his hometown. He wrote two works： Xipucishuo, a book on Ci theory, and Wanxiangci, a select book of Ci. His views of Ci has two theory sources, one is the standpoint of Guangling poets whose representative is Wang Shizhen learn, the other is Zexi school of thought whose representatives is Zhu Yizun. He improved the literature position of Ci, criticized and denied the traditional idea that Ci is the small skill. He considered that poems＇ characteristics are ＂aboundance of truth and lack of false＂ and ＂literature born from feeling＂, while Ci＇s characteristics are ＂aboundance of false and lack of truth＂ and ＂feeling born from liter- ature＂. He described the Ci style and maintained the style is various, not restricted to one pattern, take in concurrently and adopt. He combined his own know of composing Ci, learned others＇ theory and clarified the norm, requirement, method of compsing Ci from many angles. He has 93 Ci theories, most of which are his adoption and selection form others＇ discourses. But they should include his own experience and comprehension, and have reflected his thought on Ci.