高黎贡山赧亢白眉长臂猿食性及日取食量

Diet and Daily Feeding Amount of Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) at Nankang,Mt.Gaoligong

通过确定白眉长臂猿的取食特征及日取食量,探讨不同个体间和春、秋季间日取食量是否存在差异,分析影响日取食量和取食特征的因素,为白眉长臂猿日能量需求及其营养容纳量研究奠定基础。2007—2008年春、秋季,在高黎贡山赧亢采用焦点动物取样法观察和记录数据。结果发现,白眉长臂猿取食36种食物的40个部位,其果实的食物单元、取食速度、单个鲜重值等取食特征不同于嫩叶。春、秋季白眉长臂猿每日取食果实量所占百分比最高、嫩叶所占百分比次之、茎和花所占百分比最低。春、秋季家群中雌猿的日取食量均高于雄猿。与家群的雌猿相比,独猿(♀)春季的日取食量稍高。在春季,独猿取食果实持续时间约为家群的2倍,而取食嫩叶的则与家群几乎相等。相同个体秋季的日取食量高于春季的,且春、秋季日取食各部位的量所占百分比也不同。分析结果表明,食性及日取食部位的量反映了白眉长臂猿选择食物的最基本策略。雌雄个体大小差异、能量消耗、食物特征、动物生理需求等因素影响白眉长臂猿的日取食量。白眉长臂猿取食持续时间与觅食树的食物资源量相关。

Through confirming the feeding characteristics and daily feeding amount of Hoolock gibbon （Hoolock hoolock）, we discussed whether daily feeding amounts are different among individuals and seasons. Factors impacting daily feeding amount and characteristics were analyzed. According to results stated above, a base will be established for studying daily energy requirements and nutritional carrying capacity of Hoolock gibbon. The gibbons were observed and data were recorded by focal animal sampling method at Nankang of Mt. Gaoligong in spring and autumn from 2007 to 2008. The results showed that gibbons ate 40 parts from 36 botanic species. The feeding characteristics about food unit, feeding speed and weight of one food unit were different between fruits and young leaves. In spring and autumn, the percentage of fruits in daily feeding amount was the highest, the percentage of leaves was second, and the percentage of stems and flowers was the lowest. The daily feeding amount of the female in the family group was more than that of the male in spring and autumn. The daily feeding amount of the female solitary gibbon in spring was slightly more than that of the female in the family group. In spring, a feeding bout for feeding fruits by the solitary gibbon was twice longer than that of the family group, and the time for feeding young leaves was almost equal between the solitary gibbon and the family group. The daily feeding amount of the same individual in autumn was more than in spring, and the percentage of different parts of plants in daily feeding amount was also different between in spring and in autumn. The results showed that diet and amount of daily feeding part reflected the basic strategy for food selection. The size of individual between male and female, energy costs, food characteristics and requirements of physiology were factors impacting the daily feeding amount of Hoolock gibbon. The feeding bout of the gibbon was interrelated with amount of food resource in feeding tree.