先天性颜面部畸形的影像表现

Imaging Features of Congenital Facial Anomalies

颜面部先天性发育畸形在儿科临床工作中并不少见。CT和MRI能帮助确定畸形的性质和范围,因此能帮助治疗计划的制定。根据病变的胚胎发生和解剖位置将这些畸形分为两大类,包括颜面中线、中线旁畸形和颜面下部、外侧部畸形。CT是观察颅面部骨性结构畸形的首选检查方法。MRI为先天性面部肿块的首选检查方法。部分患者需要同时进行CT和MRI检查,以充分评价病变的性质。本文选择颜面部畸形中影像学检查比较有价值的几种疾病做一阐述,以提高儿科影像医师对这组疾病的认识。

A variety of congenital facial anomalies occur in children. CT and MRI are useful in deter- mining the nature and extent of dysplasia, thereby facilitating treatment planning. A classification sys- tem has been developed, which groups these anomalies into two categories based on the embryogenesis and anatomic location. These categories comprise anomalies that are related to the midline and peri - midline structures, the lower and lateral facial structures. CT is the imaging modality of choice in chil- dren with bony structure deformities. MR imaging is the modality of choice in patients with congenital midface masses. For some cases, both CT and MR imaging are required to evaluate midface anomalies. Several facial anomalies which can be diagnosed by CT and MRI were introduced in this article, and the recognition of the characteristic imaging features was emphasized.