藏北羌塘中部戈木错盆地石制品的初步研究

Preliminary study on the stone artifacts from Gemucuo basin, central Qiangtang, northern Tibet, China

藏北羌塘盆地腹地戈木错周围发现大量石制品,主要为细石核、细石叶、石片和石器,未发现大型打制石器和磨制石器。通过对石制品表面特征的观察,没有发现流水磨损的痕迹,认为这些石制品未经过后期搬运,为原地堆积。对石制品的初步研究表明,戈木错遗址的石制品主要为细小石器,使用的原料主要有硅质岩、玛瑙和燧石。将戈木错的细石器与藏北其他地点的细石器进行对比分析,发现其文化特征与藏北双湖、申扎等地具有一定的相似性,这说明藏北细石器基本属于相同的文化背景,有相同的起源,属于中国北方细石器文化的一部分。此外,从石制品的组合、加工技术特征及对环境的适应过程来看,其时代可能属于新石器时代早期。

Large amount of stone artifacts are discovered around Gemucuo, hinterland of Qiangtang basin, northern Tibet, including small cores, small blades, flakes and flake-tools, and large chopping implements and polished tools have not been found in this area. The stone artifacts show no erosion attrition, and therefore they belong to situ accumulation, and have not been transported after the later period. Preliminary study on stone artifacts indicates that they are small types, and the main raw materials used are agate, flint and silicite. By comparing these artifacts with that of Shenzha and Shuanghu sites in north Tibet, it can be concluded that they have similar cultural context and the same origin, and they belong to a part of the microlithic culture of North China. In addition, the age of the stone artifacts is also discussed in this paper. According to the stone artifacts assemblage, technology characteristics and the process of environmental transforming status, it is suggested that the date of Gemucuo site can be attributed to Early Neolithic.