中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践

Geographical Research and Optimizing Practice of Rural Hollowing in China

农村空心化是城乡转型发展进程中乡村地域系统演化的一种特殊形态。研究农村空心化是乡村地理学的天然职能,具有独特的学科优势。地理学研究农村空心化问题,主要着眼于乡村地域系统综合性、动态性和区域性视角,侧重梳理并规范农村空心化现象描述与空间模式构建、形成机理与动力机制、空心化效应与响应机制、整治潜力类型与优化调控等农村空心化命题研究;提炼并发展空心村演进的生命周期、代际演替空间型式、农村空心化动力学机制和农村空心化调控"三整合"等基础理论;结合农村聚落空间格局和聚落演进的影响要素分析,提出我国农村空心化调控的重点与研究主题;基于山东禹城市典型案例分析,探讨了禹城市空心化村庄整治的基本准则、发展理念与规划方案。通过实施空心村整治示范工程,重点研究空心化村庄整治引领新农村建设、耕地红线保障和城乡土地统筹配置"三位一体"目标的机制、政策与模式。

Rural hollowing is a widespread phenomenon all over China, especially in traditional agricultural areas. From the dynamic viewpoint, rural hollowing is a special evolution form of rural areal system during the process of urban-rural transformation development. In terms of its natural function and task, rural geography has unique advantages to research rural hollowing. From the comprehensive, dynamic and regional perspectives, these advantages of rural geography are mainly the phenomenon description and spatial models establishment of rural hollowing, formation mechanism and dynamic force simulation, response mechanism and comprehensive effect, as well as potential types and its optimal regulation This paper puts forward a series of propositions which should be studied based on theoretical disciplinary system of rural geography. Therefore this paper refines and develops the theoretical foundation of rural geography for rural hollowing research. The theoretical system includes the lifecycles of rural hollowing evolvement, spatial pattern of generation development, mechanics theory of rural hollowing and ＂Three Integration＂ model. Then based on the theory research of rural space reconstructions and rural hollowing regulation, integrating with analysis of influencing factors on spatial pattern and evolvement of rural settlement, this paper develops a framework for the succession, evaluation and regulation of rural hollowing. Finally, taking Yucheng city in Shandong province as a typical case, this paper constructs the basic criterion, development concept and planning schemes for the regulation of hollowed villages in Yucheng city, which is the theoretical practice of rural geography. In order to guide new countryside construction, ensure warning line of cultivated land and co-ordinate land use allocation between urban and rural areas in China, it is necessary to conduct a through investigation on the mechanism, policy and mode innovation involved ＂trinity＂ by implementing village renovation demonstration project.