淀山湖浮游动物的群落结构及动态

Dynamic and Community Structure of Zooplankton in Dianshan Lake

为帮助利用生物操纵技术进行淀山湖水体富营养化治理,2004年1月至2005年12月对淀山湖浮游动物群落结构,包括种类组成、种群动态、现存量进行了2周年的系统调查。淀山湖浮游动物有128种,其中浮游原生动物23属29种、轮虫23属51种、枝角类15属33种、桡足类15种。年均密度6 965ind/L,原生动物和轮虫分别占62.19%和36.77%,密度高峰出现在春季;生物量年均为6.00 mg/L,以轮虫和枝角类占优势,分别占51.65%和38.38%,生物量高峰出现在夏季。4个类群浮游动物多样性指数H′与其均匀度指数J呈显著正相关,原生动物群落多样性指数H′与其密度呈显著负相关。根据浮游动物密度及优势种组成特征判断,淀山湖水质为富营养型。原生动物多样性指数具有较好的水质指示作用。

To utilize biomanipulation technique in eutrophication control of Dianshan Lake, the dynamics of zooplankton community structure including species composition, population dynamics, and standing crop were investigated in Dianshan Lake from January 2005 to December 2006. One hundred and twenty eight species of zooplankton were found, of which 29 species of 23 genera were Protozoa, 51 species of 23 genera were Rotifera, 33 species of 15 genera were Cladocera and 15 species were Copepoda. The annual average density of zooplankton was 6 965 ind/L, and protozoa and rotifera was accounted for 62.19 % and 36.77 % respectively, peaked in spring; the annual average biomass of zooplankton was 6.00 mg/L, dominated by rotifera （51.65 % ） and cladocera （38.38 % ）, peaked in summer. The diversity index H＇ of each zooplankton community had a significant positive correlation with its evenness index J and protozoa diversity index H＇ showed a significant negative correlation with its density. Based on zooplankton density and dominant species composition, it indicated that Dianshan Lake was in eutrophication status. And the diversity index of protozoa has a good indication of water quality.