典型污染物在崇明东滩不同类型湿地的分布规律

Research on the Distribution Rule of the Typical Pollutants in the Different Types of Wetlands in Chongming Island

[目的]了解湿地植被类型以及土壤质地的不同导致其对氮、磷等营养盐的吸收、净化能力的差异。[方法]以长江口崇明东滩不同类型湿地土壤(不同的土壤质地、湿地中的植物类型)为研究对象,采用分析湿地土壤中氮、磷等污染物质的含量方法。[结果]研究不同农业模式下氮、磷等农业污染物在不同类型湿地土壤中的分布特征,从而评价不同类型湿地土壤对氮、磷等污染物净化能力,表明不同类型湿地土壤对内源农业污染具有不同的吸收净化功能。[结论]堤内经济作物种植模式下的污染源氮磷含量高于养鱼业,粘质土壤对氮磷污染物的去除能力总体高于沙质土壤。研究结果对于湿地的保育、修复和优化,以及今后人工湿地的设计和运行提供了理论依据。

[ Objective ] It was understood that the different types of wetland vegetations and soil textures led to the difference in its capability in the absorption and purifying of nitrogen,phosphorus and other nutrients. [ Method ] The different types of wetland soil（the soil texture and plant type in wetland） in the eastern part of Chongming Island in the Yangtze River being taken as experimental object,the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and other pollutants in the wetland soil were analyzed. [ Results] The distribution of the nitrogen,phosphorus and other agricultural pollutants in different types of wetlands under the different fanning modes was studied, and the capacity in the purification of nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in the different types of wetland soil was evaluated. The result indicated that the different types of wetlands had the different functions of the purification and absorption of the pollutants of agricultural soil. [ Conclusion ] The content of nitrogen and phosphorus under the cultivation of cash crops was higher than these of fish fanning and the capacity of clayey soil in the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and pollutants was higher than that of sandy soil. The theoretical basis of the future design and operation of artificial wetlands ,and the wetland conservation, restoration and optimization were provided.