穿龙薯蓣钙素缺乏症研究

Research on the Calcium Deficiency Symptoms of Dioscorea nipponica Makino

[目的]研究钙素对穿龙薯蓣生长发育的影响及其缺钙症状。[方法]采用盆栽砂培法栽种穿龙薯蓣,通过对比完全营养液和缺钙营养液处理中穿龙薯蓣的生长状况分析了钙素对穿龙薯蓣生长发育的影响及其缺钙症状。[结果]与全营养液处理相比,在缺钙营养液处理中,35 d后植株下部叶片从叶外缘开始有黄色病斑;50 d后植株下部新出的幼叶干枯,叶尖干枯的老叶已增至19片;55 d后植株的叶片边缘呈波浪状,叶尖呈螺旋形,植株中部有畸形叶,多数花序长度超过20 cm;65 d后畸形叶增多,花序长度是正常花序长度的1倍;85 d后幼嫩的生长点干枯,幼叶出现水渍状斑块,上部嫩叶全为黄绿色,叶簇生,叶尖与叶缘变黄、枯焦坏死。[结论]穿龙薯蓣缺钙的典型症状是叶尖钩状,病症首先出现在上部幼叶。

[ Objective ] The purpose was to research the effect of calcium （Ca） on the growth and development of Dioscorea nipponica Makino and its Ca deficiency symptoms. [ Method ] D. nipponica were cuhivated in the pots filled with sand and the effect of Ca on their growth, development and their Ca deficiency symptoms were analyzed through comparing their growth status in the treatments of complete solution and Cadeficient solution. [ Result] Compared with the treatment of complete solution, in the treatment of Ca-deficient solution, the yellow disease spots started to appeared on the outer edges of lower leaves on the plants after 35 d ; After 50 d, the young/eaves newly grown out from the lower part of plants were withered and the old leaves with withered leaf tips had been increased to 19 leaves; after 55 d, the blade edges of plants became wavy, their leaf tips became spiral, there were abnormal leaves appeared on the middle parts of plants and the lengths of most infloreseences exceeded 20 cm; After 65 d, the abnormal leaves were increased and the inflorescence lengths were twice as long as normal inflorescence length; After 85 d, the tender growing points were withered, there was water spots appeared on the young leaves, all the upper tender leaves were yellow, the leaves were fascicled and the leaf tips and edges became yellow, withered and necrotic. [ Conclusion ] The typical Ca deficiency symptom of D. nipponica was falcate leaf tip and this symptom occurred on the upper young leaves at first.