论章士钊与《民立报》——兼议“二次革命”前同盟会党刊的调适与整合

ZHANG Shi-zhao and The Min-li Newspaper:Also on Adjustment and Integration of Tung Meng Hui's Party Publications before the 'Second Revolution'

民元章士钊主掌下的《民立报》带有强烈的章氏个人色彩,其所追求的绝对"言论自由"以及严格从学理角度处理民初复杂政治问题的方式,失之理想化,不合实际。在几次重大的政治事件中,章士钊公开发表违抗同盟会"党议"的言论,招致该党其他刊物的指责,并引发党刊内讧,他也因此被迫离开《民立报》。故《民立报》与《民权报》等同盟会党刊间的激烈论战,很多是源于章士钊的个人观点与同盟会党刊原则的冲突,而非所谓同盟会内部稳健派与激进派的矛盾。章士钊在《民立报》的经历,典型地反映了民初许多知识分子虽不乏建设共和的美好愿望,却因缺乏政治斗争的经验,未能恰当地处理学理与现实间的矛盾,最终导致理想的落空。同盟会认识到党刊内讧的危害后,利用改组的契机,采取措施,加强对党刊系统的调适和整合。

The Min--li Newspaper guided by ZHANG Shi--zhao, senior statesman in Republic of China, has a strong personal characteristic. Its pursuit of absolute ＂freedom of speech＂ and strict way of dealing with the complicated political matters in the early stage of the Republic from the scientific principle is too idealistic and far from the reality. ZHANG Shi-- zha in several important political events proclaimed public speeches that went against the internal agreements of Tung Meng Hui （ the Revolutionary League）, which led to reproaches from other papers of the same League, and hence gave rise to internal conflict between them. Hence he was forced to leave the Min-- li Paper. In fact, most of the severe debates between the Min--li Paper and Min--quan Paper were aroused by ZHANG＇s personal views that clash with the paper principles. The experiences ZHANG had in Min--li Paper implies typically the situation of the early stage of the Republic when numerous intellectuals lack the experience for political struggle even though they bear nice wishes; that is, they did not properly cope with the contradictory issues between scientific laws and the reality, and hence led to the failure of their ideal. The League then realized the harm of the papers＇ internal strife, so it took measures to strengthen the adjustment and integration of the different Party papers by taking the chance of re--organization.