背景氯离子通道研究进展

Progress in the Study of Background Chloride Channels

综述了目前了解得最为充分的一类电压门控氯通道———背景氯通道，内容涉及选择性、门控和药理学以及通道蛋白的克隆和分子结构．氯通道广泛存在于细胞膜和细胞器膜，作为“总管家”参与细胞ｐＨ，体积，静息膜电位和兴奋性等多种细胞过程的调节．由于种种原因，对氯通道的研究起步较晚．目前应用膜片钳和分子生物学技术对氯通道结构功能的研究已经成为一个热点．

Cl- channels are found in all of cellular and subcellular membranes which have been determined. As housekeeper, they play vital roles in many different processes, such as regulation of cell volume, pH, resting membrane potential and excitability. Because the classical electrophysiological investigation has not been able to clearly charactarize a macroscopic Cl^- current, as was done for Na^+,K^+ and Ca^2+ current, Cl^-channel are ignored for many years. The recent explosion in knowledge of Cl^-channel is owing the technical using of single channel recording and molecular biology. The ionic permeation, selectivity, gating and pharmacological properties as well as the molecular clone and structure of background Cl^- channels, the most widely existed Cl^- channel in biomembranes, are reviewed.